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common foot ailments
 ONICOMICOSIS |  PIE DE ATLETA |  "JUANETES" HALLUX VALGUS |
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 ESPOLÓN CALCANEO Y FASCITIS PLANTAR |
ONICHOMYCOSIS
Onychomycosis is the most common and chronic nail infection. It is caused by a wide variety of microorganisms, most of them dermatophytes. This disease can have a negative and significant effect on the quality of life of patients, both physiologically and emotionally, it can even cause stigmatization and social exclusion. Nail changes can cause pain when walking or standing for long periods, with limited mobility or from certain sports activities; in addition, it can diminish the tactile functions, mainly in the onychomycosis in the hands. The emotional effect of onychomycosis may be greater, causing embarrassment, loss of confidence and self-esteem, anxiety, and depression.
Occupation and socioeconomic situation are determining factors for these manifestations, since patients with low socioeconomic status have a greater physiological effect due to the tasks they perform (workers, peasants, artisans, among others); in cases of higher socioeconomic status, the cosmetic condition with emotional effect is greater, causing physiological repercussions and stigmatization. In both cases the quality of life is reduced. Source: https: //biblat.unam.mx/es/revista
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athlete's foot
Other names: Foot fungus, Fungal foot infection, Ringworm of the feet.
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Athlete's foot is a fungal infection of the skin. Fungal (yeast) infections can occur anywhere on the body; in the foot they are called athlete's foot, or tinea pedis or of the feet. Fungi commonly attack the feet because they thrive in dark, humid, and warm environments such as in a shoe.
Fungal infections are more common in hot weather, when the feet tend to sweat more. Fungi thrive in damp areas such as swimming pools, showers, and sports locker rooms.
Athletes commonly have sweaty feet and use the facilities where the fungus is commonly found, hence the term "athlete's foot."
Athlete's foot usually causes itching, dryness, and peeling of the skin. It is commonly seen on the soles and between the toes. In advanced cases, inflammation, cracks and blisters may occur; an infection caused by bacteria can also occur. The fungus can spread to other areas of the body, including the toenails.
Avoiding walking barefoot along with good foot hygiene can help reduce the spread of the fungus. The feet should be washed every day with soap and water and should be dried very well, including between the toes. Feet should be kept as dry as possible. If your feet sweat a lot, it may be necessary to change your socks during the day. Antifungal powders, sprays, and creams are often used to treat athlete's foot. Your foot and ankle surgeon will recommend the most appropriate treatment for you. Source: https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/athletesfoot.html
The diabetic foot is the infection, ulceration and destruction of deep tissues, associated with neurological abnormalities (loss of sensitivity to pain) and peripheral vascular disease in the lower extremities. In these cases, the foot is more vulnerable to circulatory and neurological affectations, therefore the minor trauma can cause ulcers or infections. Macrovascular disease of the lower extremities is common, progresses rapidly, and has a characteristic peritibial distribution to which is added fragility of the arteries of the foot. The most important factor that predisposes to infection in the foot of diabetic patients is the loss of the integrity of the skin barrier.
diabetic foot
It is also important to mention that, as a consequence of diabetic neuropathy, the protective sensation is lost, which favors the appearance of skin affectations, mainly of traumatic origin, which breaks the skin barrier and penetration of microorganisms can occur. In addition to neuropathy, there is often the ischemic factor that adversely affects the evolution of the wound and the infection. The diagnosis of infection in the diabetic foot is fundamentally clinical, either by the existence of suppuration or by 2 or more signs of inflammation (erythema, induration, pain, sensitivity, heat) that are sufficient to establish it. Source: http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/facmed/v56n4/v56n4a8.pdf
Better known as JUANETE, it occurs more in women, in a proportion of three or four for each man.
Loss of the transverse arch is not the only predisposing factor for this deformity: hereditary history, use of pointed footwear, and rheumatoid arthritis have been found to favor it.
If the foot is in front, a slight transverse arch should be observed where the first and fifth toes are resting on the floor, while the middle three remain in the air. If this elevation is lost, the forefoot gradually widens (where the instep begins), the big toe deviates, and forms a bunion.
Cases with a hereditary history occur in adolescence.
HALLUX VALGUS
Before determining any corrective measures, the patient's gait, the strength of the foot muscles and how he supports it are evaluated. If the diagnosis is positive, special templates are placed with an elevation of between six and eight millimeters that will lift the fallen part of the arch, in such a way that the middle fingers go up and the outer ones line up with the ground. If bunions cause pain, difficulty walking or fitting, surgical treatment such as osteotomy is required, in which the bone is cut to change its position and correct the curvature of the toe. The technique must be chosen carefully, according to the patient's age, the degree of deformity and the analysis of angles to know where the problem is. However, surgery is not enough because the foot is a structure subjected to various loads. Insoles should be used to improve support until pain subsides and, in some cases, for life to prevent deformity again. Constant exercises are also necessary to strengthen the fingers and avoid footwear that favors the growth of bunions.
The importance of proper care goes beyond aesthetics, since in several cases the deformity progresses and can be very serious; it all depends on the shape of the bones. Source: https://www.dgcs.unam.mx/boletin/bdboletin/2015_374.html
The information transcribed on this website is informative, it should NOT be considered to make diagnoses. It is recommended to go to a specialist since he is the right professional to suggest the appropriate treatments.